Menampilkan DHT11 Di LCD 1602 I2C Pada Pi Pico

Persiapan Bahan #

– Raspberry Pi Pico / Pico W
– 16×2 I2C LCD Display

• DHT11 Humidity Temperature Sensor
  – Breadboard
  – RED LED
• Green LED
  – Kabel Jumper Male to Male
  – Kabel Micro USD
  – Aplikasi Thonny IDE

Wiring DHT11 & LCD 1602 I2C Raspberry Pi Pico #

• Connect the LCD VCC & GND Pin to Raspberry Pi Pico 5V & GND
• Connect the SDA to Raspberry Pi Pico GP0
• ConnectSCL pins of the LCD & GP1 pins respectively.
• The VCC, GND of the DHT11 Sensor is connected to the VCC, GND
• Output pin of the DHT11 Sensor is connected to the GP2 of Raspberry Pi Pico.
• The red LED is connected to GP4
• The green LED is connected to GP5 of Raspberry Pi Pico.

Sample Code #

Ada 4 File yang akan di upload ke Raspberry pi Pico : lcd_api.py, i2c_lcd.py, dht.py, main.py – Berikut samplenya.

lcd_api.py

"""Provides an API for talking to HD44780 compatible character LCDs."""
 
import time
 
class LcdApi:
    """Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
    This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get
    them to the LCD.
 
    It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions.
    """
 
    # The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h
    # header file, however, I changed the definitions from bit numbers
    # to bit masks.
    #
    # HD44780 LCD controller command set
 
    LCD_CLR = 0x01              # DB0: clear display
    LCD_HOME = 0x02             # DB1: return to home position
 
    LCD_ENTRY_MODE = 0x04       # DB2: set entry mode
    LCD_ENTRY_INC = 0x02        # --DB1: increment
    LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT = 0x01      # --DB0: shift
 
    LCD_ON_CTRL = 0x08          # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on
    LCD_ON_DISPLAY = 0x04       # --DB2: turn display on
    LCD_ON_CURSOR = 0x02        # --DB1: turn cursor on
    LCD_ON_BLINK = 0x01         # --DB0: blinking cursor
 
    LCD_MOVE = 0x10             # DB4: move cursor/display
    LCD_MOVE_DISP = 0x08        # --DB3: move display (0-> move cursor)
    LCD_MOVE_RIGHT = 0x04       # --DB2: move right (0-> left)
 
    LCD_FUNCTION = 0x20         # DB5: function set
    LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT = 0x10    # --DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode)
    LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08  # --DB3: two lines (0->one line)
    LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04  # --DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font)
    LCD_FUNCTION_RESET = 0x30   # See "Initializing by Instruction" section
 
    LCD_CGRAM = 0x40            # DB6: set CG RAM address
    LCD_DDRAM = 0x80            # DB7: set DD RAM address
 
    LCD_RS_CMD = 0
    LCD_RS_DATA = 1
 
    LCD_RW_WRITE = 0
    LCD_RW_READ = 1
 
    def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.num_lines = num_lines
        if self.num_lines > 4:
            self.num_lines = 4
        self.num_columns = num_columns
        if self.num_columns > 40:
            self.num_columns = 40
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0
        self.backlight = True
        self.display_off()
        self.backlight_on()
        self.clear()
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC)
        self.hide_cursor()
        self.display_on()
 
    def clear(self):
        """Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left
        corner.
        """
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME)
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0
 
    def show_cursor(self):
        """Causes the cursor to be made visible."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)
 
    def hide_cursor(self):
        """Causes the cursor to be hidden."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)
 
    def blink_cursor_on(self):
        """Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK)
 
    def blink_cursor_off(self):
        """Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid)."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)
 
    def display_on(self):
        """Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)
 
    def display_off(self):
        """Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD."""
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL)
 
    def backlight_on(self):
        """Turns the backlight on.
 
        This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        """
        self.backlight = True
        self.hal_backlight_on()
 
    def backlight_off(self):
        """Turns the backlight off.
 
        This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        """
        self.backlight = False
        self.hal_backlight_off()
 
    def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y):
        """Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor
        position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column).
        """
        self.cursor_x = cursor_x
        self.cursor_y = cursor_y
        addr = cursor_x & 0x3f
        if cursor_y & 1:
            addr += 0x40    # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40
        if cursor_y & 2:
            addr += 0x14    # Lines 2 & 3 add 0x14
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr)
 
    def putchar(self, char):
        """Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor
        position, and advances the cursor by one position.
        """
        if char != '\n':
            self.hal_write_data(ord(char))
            self.cursor_x += 1
        if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns or char == '\n':
            self.cursor_x = 0
            self.cursor_y += 1
            if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines:
                self.cursor_y = 0
            self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)
 
    def putstr(self, string):
        """Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor
        position and advances the cursor position appropriately.
        """
        for char in string:
            self.putchar(char)
 
    def custom_char(self, location, charmap):
        """Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available
        as chr(0) through chr(7).
        """
        location &= 0x7
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3))
        time.sleep_us(40)
        for i in range(8):
            self.hal_write_data(charmap[i])
            time.sleep_us(40)
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)
 
    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.
 
        If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        """
        pass
 
    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.
 
        If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        """
        pass
 
    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        """Write a command to the LCD.
 
        It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this
        function.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError
 
    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        """Write data to the LCD.
 
        It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this
        function.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

i2c_lcd.py

from lcd_api import LcdApi
from machine import I2C
from time import sleep_ms
 
# The PCF8574 has a jumper selectable address: 0x20 - 0x27
DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR = 0x27
 
# Defines shifts or masks for the various LCD line attached to the PCF8574
 
MASK_RS = 0x01
MASK_RW = 0x02
MASK_E = 0x04
SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3
SHIFT_DATA = 4
 
 
class I2cLcd(LcdApi):
    """Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C."""
 
    def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0]))
        sleep_ms(20)   # Allow LCD time to powerup
        # Send reset 3 times
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        sleep_ms(5)    # need to delay at least 4.1 msec
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        sleep_ms(1)
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        sleep_ms(1)
        # Put LCD into 4 bit mode
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION)
        sleep_ms(1)
        LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns)
        cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION
        if num_lines > 1:
            cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES
        self.hal_write_command(cmd)
 
    def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble):
        """Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD.
 
        This particular function is only used during initialization.
        """
        byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
 
    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on."""
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT]))
 
    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off."""
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0]))
 
    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        """Writes a command to the LCD.
 
        Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        """
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
        if cmd <= 3:
            # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec
            sleep_ms(5)
 
    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        """Write data to the LCD."""
        byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
        byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))

dht.py

import array
 
import micropython
import utime
from machine import Pin
from micropython import const
 
 
class InvalidChecksum(Exception):
    pass
 
 
class InvalidPulseCount(Exception):
    pass
 
 
MAX_UNCHANGED = const(100)
MIN_INTERVAL_US = const(200000)
HIGH_LEVEL = const(50)
EXPECTED_PULSES = const(84)
 
 
class DHT11:
    _temperature: int
    _humidity: int
 
    def __init__(self, pin):
        self._pin = pin
        self._last_measure = utime.ticks_us()
        self._temperature = -1
        self._humidity = -1
 
    def measure(self):
        current_ticks = utime.ticks_us()
        if utime.ticks_diff(current_ticks, self._last_measure) < MIN_INTERVAL_US and (
            self._temperature > -1 or self._humidity > -1
        ):
            # Less than a second since last read, which is too soon according
            # to the datasheet
            return
 
        self._send_init_signal()
        pulses = self._capture_pulses()
        buffer = self._convert_pulses_to_buffer(pulses)
        self._verify_checksum(buffer)
 
        self._humidity = buffer[0] + buffer[1] / 10
        self._temperature = buffer[2] + buffer[3] / 10
        self._last_measure = utime.ticks_us()
 
    @property
    def humidity(self):
        self.measure()
        return self._humidity
 
    @property
    def temperature(self):
        self.measure()
        return self._temperature
 
    def _send_init_signal(self):
        self._pin.init(Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
        self._pin.value(1)
        utime.sleep_ms(50)
        self._pin.value(0)
        utime.sleep_ms(18)
 
    @micropython.native
    def _capture_pulses(self):
        pin = self._pin
        pin.init(Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
 
        val = 1
        idx = 0
        transitions = bytearray(EXPECTED_PULSES)
        unchanged = 0
        timestamp = utime.ticks_us()
 
        while unchanged < MAX_UNCHANGED:
            if val != pin.value():
                if idx >= EXPECTED_PULSES:
                    raise InvalidPulseCount(
                        "Got more than {} pulses".format(EXPECTED_PULSES)
                    )
                now = utime.ticks_us()
                transitions[idx] = now - timestamp
                timestamp = now
                idx += 1
 
                val = 1 - val
                unchanged = 0
            else:
                unchanged += 1
        pin.init(Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
        if idx != EXPECTED_PULSES:
            raise InvalidPulseCount(
                "Expected {} but got {} pulses".format(EXPECTED_PULSES, idx)
            )
        return transitions[4:]
 
    def _convert_pulses_to_buffer(self, pulses):
        """Convert a list of 80 pulses into a 5 byte buffer
 
        The resulting 5 bytes in the buffer will be:
            0: Integral relative humidity data
            1: Decimal relative humidity data
            2: Integral temperature data
            3: Decimal temperature data
            4: Checksum
        """
        # Convert the pulses to 40 bits
        binary = 0
        for idx in range(0, len(pulses), 2):
            binary = binary << 1 | int(pulses[idx] > HIGH_LEVEL)
 
        # Split into 5 bytes
        buffer = array.array("B")
        for shift in range(4, -1, -1):
            buffer.append(binary >> shift * 8 & 0xFF)
        return buffer
 
    def _verify_checksum(self, buffer):
        # Calculate checksum
        checksum = 0
        for buf in buffer[0:4]:
            checksum += buf
        if checksum & 0xFF != buffer[4]:
            raise InvalidChecksum()

main.py

from machine import I2C, Pin
from i2c_lcd import I2cLcd 
from utime import sleep
from dht import DHT11, InvalidChecksum
 
DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR = 0x27                               # LCD 1602 I2C address
led_red = Pin(4,Pin.OUT)
led_green = Pin(5,Pin.OUT)
pin = Pin(2, Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
dht11 = DHT11(pin)
 
def setup():
    global lcd 
    i2c = I2C(0,sda=Pin(0),scl=Pin(1),freq=400000)
    lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR, 2, 16)      # Initialize(device address, cursor settings)
 
def loop():
    try:
        while True:
            lcd.move_to(0,0)
            lcd.putstr("Temp: {}".format(dht11.temperature))
            lcd.move_to(0,1)
            lcd.putstr("Humi: {}".format(dht11.humidity))
            if dht11.temperature > 35 or dht11.humidity < 10:
                led_red.value(1)
                led_green.value(0)
                sleep(0.5)
                led_red.value(0)
                sleep(0.5)
            else:
                led_red.value(0)
                led_green.value(1)
            sleep(1)
            lcd.clear()
    except InvalidChecksum:
        print("Checksum from the sensor was invalid")
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    setup()
    loop()